I think I've mentioned a few times on the blog that I'm very slowly reading a book called Academic Horsemanship. I got the book months ago and have been going through it one chapter at a time to try to really soak it all in. It's like a text book, very dense, and has a lot of new ideas for me. So I like to read a chapter, call Kate, tell her I don't know anything about horses or horse training, let the book soak into me for a week or two, then repeat the process with the next chapter. Not so recently, I read chapter 4, which has a section on pressure in it.
This chapter, and especially that section, really led to a lot of realizations on my part about my own riding and training and how I've changed over the last few years with TC.
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Setting back against him, I would tighten my curb chain so that
my bottom rein could be tight and not turn the shank horizontal |
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| That loose curb and low hands |
I used to be the sort of person who could make any horse lean on me.
Obviously at first I blamed it on the horses. My past trainer's barn was full of horses who leaned because that's how we rode them. But in our opinion, they were horses who didn't respect the bit or horses who needed to *soften* to the bridle, so we ended up bitting up horses (so many inappropriate double bridles) and moving our hands around, and so many of my lessons were aimed at getting me to sit DOWN and engage my core to get me to be able to actually ride these horses that were pulling me out of the tack. I was little and weak so it wasn't a surprise to me that riding involved core and back muscles that I didn't have. Riding wasn't fun a lot of the time, well I mean it was, but only because I didn't know better.
Rico wasn't a heavy horse when I bought him but man was he heavy by the time I had pulled his neck so short that he couldn't be anything but heavy because I was just pulling against his spine (being "stacked up" as Tracey said). I couldn't ride him in anything but a double bridle. My trainer said yes, ride him in that until he respects the snaffle. As if it was a "respect" issue on his part.
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| Hands up because my biceps were stronger than my triceps |
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| Erm too soft a hand |
At some point you have to figure out that it's you, right? Well, I didn't, not for a long time. Because when every trainer told me how lazy and heavy Rico was naturally, when every trainer told me that the way to get a horse round is to "soften" a horse by pulling on it (yeah 'cause that makes sense)... well, you stop questioning things.
Until my current trainer came along, who fixed us, I wasn't at all bothered by his heaviness, nor any other horse's heaviness. You kind of get immune to it, get used to riding like that so horses get used to your aids shouting at them and quickly habituate to them. That's what would happen on every horse I rode- the horses would habituate to my aids and while I may enjoy a horse being soft for a few rides, I would eventually make them lean on me. Sometimes my shoulders would hurt and I'd just pick another fight with him and look up different bits on the internet, put him in illegal bits and draw reins and whatever else I could find. But mostly I just ignored it. I mean we were doing Fourth level, we were obviously good at dressage.
Current trainer took us back to the basics and got us to a place that I didn't think existed in the bridle. Rico became so much lighter and better connected. Still though, my hard aids were there in the form of my leg aids, but at least my rotator cuffs stopped hurting. My final trainer before my gold was the one who really addressed the leg aids. And in the final months of riding Rico, he was where TC is today in terms of lightness, and dressage was FUN. And I realized that all the years I thought it was fun had kind of been a lie.
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| It may look fancy but I'm leaning against the bridle |
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| Sitting upright with soft elbows |
After learning the hard way and seeing the light, I really didn't want TC to be heavy to the aids in any way. I didn't want to have to nag him to go forward and I was under no circumstance going to have him lean on me. TC started out being a little tricky this way. He was slow off my leg and fluctuated between either being so light in the bridle he wouldn't connect at all, or getting rigid on the contact.
The nagging leg was the easiest thing to eliminate since it had been something I worked on every day with Rico. It was also just an easier aid for TC to understand, a horse who was barely started can understand leg = go a lot easier than the entire concepts of roundness and connection. And TC is for sure a "less is more" kind of horse. The lighter the aids, the more responsive he gets.
But the connection was still so hard for me. It was really hard to eliminate those old "the horse must soften to the rider" thoughts from my brain. And it lasted quite a long time, I wrote about TC's rigidity in this blog for several years. I don't think I've mentioned rigidity recently.
I figured it out over time and now TC is just dreamy in the connection. It's no longer my first instinct to put a backward pressure on the reins to get him on the bit, though I do find myself going to that place when we're struggling with new movements (hence taking my time to put them on slowly) and when he bolts, which I feel like is quite a good reason to pull backwards on the reins!
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| Soft, too soft actually lol |
I didn't really connect all of these things together until reading this book and the section on pressure. It put into the light my journey, a journey that was mostly self serving (do not want to be leaned on, do not want to ride a lazy horse) at the time, but now I can really see the large overall effect it is having and will have on my horses and riding ability.

The section on pressure includes a scale from zero to ten in terms of the amount of pressure on any aid. A pressure level of zero is no pressure at all- a loose rein and legs that are physically off the horse. A pressure level of one is the level of pressure you want your horse to habituate to. A leg resting against the horse. The rider carrying perhaps just the physical weight of the reins to maintain contact with the horse. From pressure level two to four is a light aid. A touch of the leg, a slightly tension in the reins. And anything above a level four is considered a strong aid. I think of a ten is the STRONGEST aid you can possibly put on a horse given the bit/spurs you have. And honestly, as someone who isn't that physically strong of a person, that's a pretty narrow scale. A four is pretty light.
Strong pressure, the author writes, should be used VERY sparingly (only when
unavoidable) and desirably behaviors resulting from strong pressure should be IMMEDIATELY trained to go off of light pressure.
"Constant strong pressure is very damaging for the horse's health and wellbeing."
And this is where I have to publicly apologize to Rico,
again, who has neck arthritis because I thought that he was lazy and heavy and that pulling on his face was a good way to soften him. I seriously had a moment reading this... I simultaneously wanted to chuck the book out the window and roll my eyes at it and also put my head down and cry because while I was sure that if Rico hadn't been a performance horse, he wouldn't have neck arthritis (because it's overwhelmingly common), I couldn't help but to read that line and think that I was certainly the cause of it.
But I can't go back in time, and Rico is living an amazing retirement because of me, so I'm not all bad. So press forward, I must to learn more, and next time I see him, he's getting a hug and some carrots.
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| It's just so much lighter looking |
Back to strong pressure. The author not only cites the horse's health and well-being as a potential problem with strong pressure, they also cite that a horse may become dangerous with too much strong pressure.
Many horses will simply shut down, slow down, lean more on you, like Rico did. I feel both lucky and frustrated that TC will not do this. If there is too much pressure on TC, he reacts in a way that could lead to a dangerous behavior if I continued. For example, he tolerates the whip just fine, until it crosses a line, and then he kicks at it and then bucks, then more and more bucking. He tolerates pressure in the hand to a point, then he either starts to balk and rear or he'll bolt to get through it. He tolerates pressure (tension) from the seat to a point, then he bolts.
Rico did the same thing, though was labeled a problem horse when he did it. He got put in training until he "learned better" and "respected" me aka until he learned that he couldn't do anything about those pressures. Right around then the spark was lost until I took the pressure off. There's a reason why I scored so much better at 4th and Prix St George than at Second and Third. He became alive again in those higher levels when I rode lighter. There was only so much pressure I could apply to him in the show ring to get him to be more uphill and more active when I was already putting so much pressure on him. Take the pressure off, teach him to be light to the aids, and
I won't do that to TC. I don't have the guts to ride him out until he learns that bad behavior won't get him out of unfair pressure, nor do I want him to learn that. Horses are fair. They are not manipulative. And he is becoming more and more expressive as I give him the room to learn and to have some say in how his training is going. Strong pressure is something he has to experience sometimes, but not often, and when it happens, it's not prolonged. I immediately work to take the pressure off.
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| Much better muscle now that he's carrying himself too |
The author emphasizes that training the horse to be lighter is all about the release of the aids. Which is like... duh, right? But it's so easy to forget to do. Maybe the rider forgets the release going from one movement to the next, maybe the rider forgets the release because they didn't really have a good idea of what they wanted anyway, maybe the rider forgets the release because releasing means the horse "takes advantage" of the rider being soft. Or my favorite, the horse needs to "give" first before the rider releases.
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| I love this, but it's so easy to forget |
With TC, everything always goes back to lightness, it always goes back to a release of the aid. Getting him to respond to the lightest aids (sometimes by use of a louder aid for an instant) then releasing. For a horse who can be ridden very heavily from the leg (nagging) and rein (shortening his neck), and a horse who can be a little intolerant to being ridden this way (nagging leads to balking leads to rearing, getting his neck too short can cause him to run off because he wants to break through the pressure), this has been really key in his training- to get him to understand the aids that I'm applying and to respond to them. Because I just simply can't MAKE this horse in the same way I was able to MAKE Rico do things.
So as I've trained movements, it's always back to lightness. And it's been working so well. He is not a physical ride in the least (except sitting that trot, damn), he doesn't hurt my shoulders, he doesn't put me out of breath, it's just light and fluffy a lot of the time. And the times when it isn't light and fluffy, we're both working hard to get it light and fluffy. Me with the timing of my release, him with the self carriage and activity behind.
I'm really glad that Tracey came into my life at the right time to teach me about connection. And I'm really glad that Heidi was there to get me addicted to the feeling of a horse in front of the leg (even if that's real intimidating with Mr Giant Gaits over here). And I'm really glad that I bought this dense book from Australia to help me fully understand HOW these things work.